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On structure and a way of manufacture the brick shares on two groups – ceramic and silicate.
Ceramic brick receive by roasting ãëèí and their mixes.
The silicate brick – consists approximately of 90 % of sand, 10 % to exhaust and a small share of additives. The mix sends to an autoclave, instead of in îáæèãîâóþ the furnace, as in case of with a ceramic brick. If to add pigments, it is possible to receive a silicate brick practically any color – dark blue, green, crimson, violet.
On logic of an explanatory dictionary, the brick is áðóñîê the burnt clay. But then silicate (that is not clay) a brick – and not a brick at all, and a certain firm material similar to it under the form. By the way, indeed: on these two materials exist different ÃÎÑÒû, and builders very precisely spend between them border.
Multi-coloured silicate bricks
So, we shall consider basically a ceramic brick because it and is the present brick (both under the dictionary, and on STATE THAT).
What brick – for what?
To destination the ceramic brick shares on ordinary (it building) and obverse (it facing, facing, finishing, front). The private residence costs an oven brick.
At the left – an ordinary brick, on the right – obverse
The ordinary brick is used for internal numbers of a laying or for external numbers, but with the subsequent plaster. The ordinary brick can have on a lateral face the pressed geometrical figure (for the best coupling with a plaster solution).
The obverse brick – homogeneous color, has two smooth, equal obverse surfaces (so-called «òû÷îê» and «ëîæîê»). It, as a rule, hollow (that is in its "body" it is a lot of emptiness, that does a wall of such brick "more warmly").
The impressive brick concerns to facing (with relief figure of an obverse surface) and shaped (or figured, profile) for a laying of complex forms also: arches, columns, etc.
The Impressive brick
the Shaped brick
The oven brick happens the different sizes (even with ëàäîøêó). Sometimes it do with a relief. For òîïî÷íîé parts of fireplaces use øàìîòíûé a brick made of refractory clay and maintaining temperature above 1000°Ñ. Øàìîòíûé the brick has ïåñî÷íî-yellow color and granular structure.
Chamotni a brick
So at purchase of a brick the main thing the nobility for what you, actually, buy it. Also do not mix! And that be flattered on "pretty" and lay out walls an obverse brick instead of the private soldier. And then will count up charges and shed a few tears. Or, on the contrary, want to save and will revet the house with an ordinary brick. But then the house will be looked not so beautifully.
Appearance,
The sizes
At our brick the "clever" sizes: 250 õ 120 õ 65 mm. It is convenient to builder to take its one hand. Two bricks keep within length on width, plus centimeter on a seam. But thickness can vary.
Unary, one-and-a-half and double bricks
And then bricks receive names: unary (thickness of 65 mm), óòîëùåííûé, or one-and-a-half (88 mm). The brick of greater sizes of GOST defines as a stone ceramic. A standard stone ceramic, or a double brick (as its sellers often name) – 250 õ 120 õ 138 mm. The one-and-a-half brick and stones considerably save the charge of a solution and time of construction. Also do not think, that builders will take from you more money for a raising of weights. It it is better: has thrown ten stones – and the wall is ready! Besides stones it is required less, and their price does not increase. So, for example, the double obverse brick is more dear than unary all half, and on the size twice it is more.
The biggest ceramic stone lets out a factory «Ïîáåäà/Knauf». In size it with 15 unary
Color of a brick basically depends on structure of clay. The majority ãëèí after roasting have classical brick color. Such clay refer to êðàñíîæãóùèìèñÿ, and a brick – red.
Straw, apricot, red and brown bricks
Less often meet áåëîæãóùèåñÿ clay, from them the yellow, apricot or white brick turns out.
Sometimes into raw material enter various pigmentary additives. For example, the brown brick can be received only by means of pigmentary additives. On STATE THAT the brick on color should correspond to an approved sample approved by a factory. Often at factories there are some standards, and there is a danger to buy a "motley" party of a brick.
"Warm" brick
On presence of emptiness in a body the brick obverse and ordinary shares on hollow and corpulent (stones ceramic happen only hollow). The more emptiness (them can be more than 50 %), the the brick is warmer.
The Corpulent brick
It turns out, that at use of a hollow brick of a wall it is possible to make smaller thickness, and òåïëîèçîëÿöèÿ from it will not worsen. At a hollow brick the weight and as a result – loading on the base is less is less. It is its advantage. But there is also a complexity: at a laying of such brick of an aperture can be hammered by a solution, and it becomes "colder". That it to avoid, it is necessary to take a brick with emptiness of smaller diameter and more viscous solution.
The Hollow brick
The brick can be made "warmer" due to internal porosity ceramic ÷åðåïêà (that is the material). Such brick name ïîðèçîâàííûì. By the way, ïîðèçîâàííûé the brick in comparison with usual muffles sounds is better.
Ïîðèçîâàííûé a brick
So, it is clear, that for economy of time and money it is better to buy not a usual brick, and one-and-a-half. And it is even better – a stone ceramic. And here color can be chosen to taste – it does not influence quality of a brick. If it would be desirable the house become warmer (but not due to thickness of walls), it is necessary to take hollow or ïîðèçîâàííûé a brick. But then use more viscous solution that emptiness were not hammered.
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