|
Validity of this statement hardly demands proofs. But it is necessary to be guided by what principles at a choice of the fixture?
The main thing " it is exact to define his functionalities. If you want, that in your house there was a correct, expedient and beautiful illumination, choose the fixture not only under his form, and first of all how it(he) shines.
purpose of the fixture and his aesthetic value are defined first of all by a design and the form of his plafond, and also a material,
Of which the plafond is made. Appearance of a plafond plays for us in most cases a main role at a choice of the fixture therefore we do not consider his design features influencing his functional properties.
Plafonds from crystal and a high-quality glass are most valuable in the aesthetic plan. They well transfer high temperature and can
To be used with lamps of any capacity, but differ high Allocation of heat and are heavy enough. They well approach for the general and decorative illumination. Plafonds from a color glass strengthen color influence of light. For mitigation of false perception color
Scales of an interior of a premise(room) they should be open on the one hand for the miss(passing) of direct light.
Porcelain and ceramic plafonds are well looked, however artificial light deforms perception of the invoice of a material of which they are made. Also it is necessary to mean, that they are rather heavy and practically do not pass(miss) light. Plafonds from artificial materials of the rack to
To break, are easy, but are sensitive to temperature influence and may be used only with lamps of small capacity. The same can be told and about plafonds of the textile materials made with application, leather(skin), a tree, вощеной papers. They pass(miss) not enough light and approach basically for local illumination. The most practical are metal plafonds: they are not afraid neither temperatures, nor casual handling and well operate light. However on aesthetic perception they concede to the plafonds made of other materials.
However, much depends on quality of processing of their surfaces, and the modern industry is what to offer. Plafonds concern to best of them
From copper alloys, but they demand a special leaving(care) as in due course darken and lose the primary kind.
Modern designers offer infinite quantity(amount) of fixtures of the diversified on impudence of aesthetic idea of forms, but on functional purpose. All fixtures can be divided(shared) with the greater or smaller degree of reserve into fixtures for the general, local or decorative illumination. The reserve of similar division is caused by that at times uneasy it happens to define, for what purpose the fixture - for the general, local or decorative illumination is intended. Many fixtures combine in themselves, at least, the two first functions.
As a design differ desktop, floor, On a wall, On a ceiling and pendant fixtures.
On a way of distribution of light of them it is possible to divide into fixtures of direct, refracted and combined light.
In fixtures of direct light the light stream goes directly from a light source, amplifying and being formed in a bunch(beam) by reflection from
Internal surface of a plafond. Plafonds for such fixtures are made usually of a lightproof material " metal, plastic, a tree, a leather(skin) and other materials. The internal surface of plafonds of fixtures becomes covered светоотражающèм by a layer.
Fixtures of direct light are intended only for local illumination. In fixtures of combined light the light stream dissipates, refracting through a transparent plafond of the closed form. They are intended basically for the general illumination though may be used and for local.
Fixtures of distributed(allocated) light combine in themselves ways of the direct and refracted illumination: the part light dissipates through
The plafond, part goes a direct stream.
Desktop fixtures (desk lamps) are used basically for local illumination of a working zone at work behind a table. Convenient
For work the desk lamp should be, first, small to borrow as small as possible places on a table and above a table (the idealest under these characteristics desk lamps with screw clips are on the basis of the rack, intended for fastening
Lamps to a table from end faces of a table-top), second, with a reflector reliably hiding a light source, thirdly, it is desirable, that she(it) was the aim action, with adjustable height, to a corner of an inclination and position of a reflector in a horizontal plane.
The form and the sizes of a reflector of a desk lamp also play not last role for convenient work. The most uniform illumination table provide reflectors extended трапецеèдальной or the hemispherical form. For long and a hard work behind a table most desk lamps with galogen or luminescent light sources.
Getting a desk lamp with a plafond noncontrollable on position, do not overlook to estimate, whether its(her) direct light for illumination of a necessary zone will suffice and whether will be places there where you are going to establish her(it) that you might move her(it), choosing the best conditions of illumination enough. Otherwise you itself should arrange under it(her) the position if, for example, the newspaper will not be covered enough at reading. .
Recently designers offer desk lamps not only for illumination of a workplace, but also for zoned illumination of a premise(room). Such lamps have an attractive kind, the massive rack (frequently in the form of a vase) and the big plafond widely scattering light. They
Are not so functional, and their successful впèсыванèе in an interior of a room in many respects depends on a place of accommodation.
At a choice of the floor fixture (floor lamp) the main attention should be given his height and type of a plafond. The floor lamp with a plafond reflecting light upwards, will leave in a shadow your loved(liked) уголок for reading, and a floor lamp shining downwards, may blind people sitting about him(it) if it(he) is too high or if the lamp ( lamps) is in it superficially. Fashionable now high floor lamps with reflectors - plates are good as zone illumination of a room; èзлучаемый them light èнтрèгующе plays with an interior, but leaves in a deep shadow the bottom part of a room, if its(her) ceiling not smooth and not clean - white color. Floor lamps - plates give the best effect of illumination in the big room with light walls and a white smooth ceiling. Some such floor lamps placed in different corners of a room, are possible to use for the general illumination.
For illumination of a zone of rest and realization of leisure (we shall tell, at upholstered furniture in the general room) floor lamps with the plafonds passing of few(not enough,poorly) light and disseminating it downwards more approach. If in such zone it is supposed daily
Rest of two and more persons, it is desirable, that the light cone formed by a floor lamp covered all zone, but thus did not blind an eye.
Floor lamps with with adjustable height and a corner of an inclination a rack have big plus. Such floor lamps, by analogy to a desk lamp, it is possible to name floor lamps, emphasizing identity of functions of both lighting devices. Floor lamps are convenient for illumination of zones of rest and leisure: the light stream formed by them can be directed to various places of a zone, creating in them primary illumination on brightness. Imagine, that after supper you have dozed off in an armchair, having dropped on knees the newspaper, and your wife wants to tie, conveniently having arranged slightly
On a sofa, and she(it) moves a floor lamp to position convenient for. Whether the truth, well? Application of floor lamps of a similar kind in children's rooms is especially successful. The child, as is known, does not like to sit in an armchair, and the radius of action of floor lamps is rather significant.
For good functionality of a floor lamp one more detail is important: an arrangement of the switch. An ideal place for him(it) - on the rack of a floor lamp.
In this case it is possible to reach the switch a hand, not rising with an armchair or a sofa. Switches with the pendant button, but they are convenient also
May spoil a kind of a floor lamp and are not so reliable in work. The so-called through passage switches of floor type built in an electrocord on occassion may be convenient, but at a choice of a floor lamp with such switch it is necessary to take into account his place - whether conveniently
Will use the foot switch.
On a wall fixtures, or a sconce as them still name, most, perhaps, a kind of lighting devices popular recently for premises. They are very convenient for local illumination whereas do not take a place on horizontal surfaces of an interior, which
Always does not suffice in a standard apartment. They can be placed at any height and in any place while the floor lamp, for example, needs rather significant area. Lighting abilities at them are more modest, than at desk lamps and floor lamps, - mainly, because of nearness to a wall and an immovability which is main not a prosperity of these fixtures. They adhere to themselves an illuminated place and consequently, in the certain group of furniture and demand exact accommodation on a wall.
Are most practical and functional On a wall fixtures with a lighting jack on an arm, which name - a sconce.
The sconce refer to as also acting On a wall elements of decorative furniture of an apartment, for example, On a wall vase on arms.
Recently become popular On a wall fixtures - lanterns in the form of the various hemispheres open up. They effectively highlight walls and adjacent space with them and are expedient as decorative and intimate illumination of a room, and also for
Viewing of telecasts.
On a wall fixtures in the greater degree concern to elements of a decor of an interior, than any others, and consequently to their aesthetic kind
Special value as designers, and consumers is attached. They more infos in the aesthetic plan as are placed on walls and in the certain degree are, as well as they, elements of a protection of space of a premise(room) that is why they are more powerful for an interior, than other kinds of fixtures. At a choice настенных fixtures the big degree of functional and aesthetic motivation is required. If in calculation business qualities of a sconce undertake on advantage, it is necessary to pay attention to a design of his armature: the length of the arm holding a plafond, should be as it is possible for the greater, and they adjustable on a corner of an inclination concerning a vertical.
On a ceiling and pendant fixtures have the important value not only for correct illumination of premises, but also for his aesthetics
Interior. Usually in calculation the last is accepted only, and at a choice of fixtures pay Attention only on their appearance. In result
Fixtures which not only badly shine(cover) a room are got, but also spoil its(her) interior. Buying fixtures of such type, it is necessary
First of all to mean, that they essentially influence perception of height of a ceiling: pendant approach it, On a ceiling delete. Are significant for an interior of a premise(room) and their sizes. Large and massive pendant fixtures may prevent eyes if their sizes are not correlated to the sizes of a premise(room), you see the first, that draws attention at an input(entrance) in a room, it is the pendant fixture. In many cases it(he) is the card of a room. Recollect, how frequently we should hear the characteristic of someone's habitation approximately in such
Spirit: At them such beautiful luster in a hall! Representation about beauty of the pendant fixture usually contacts to one of his main subtypes - a luster. The luster (from latin lustro - освещаю) is multilamp or многоплафонный the pendant fixture with decorative armature.
The ideology of an electric luster goes back to pendant fixtures of last centuries about electric era when in rich houses for illumination of the big halls the pendant lighting devices consisting of set incorporated in uniform composition by a candlestick were used.
Style architectural directions of those times have brought in the essential contribution to traditional forms, which echoes we find till now in bronze завèтушках, the bent structures and crystal suspension brackets of some modern lusters.
Some years back in the big honour were magnificent crystal lusters with suspension brackets. At many they and today decorate an apartment.
The most valuable in lusters сточкè sight of quality of illumination is the presence of several plafonds giving an opportunity in regular more intervals to shine(cover) a premise(room) and also to adjust brightness and an orientation of light. It is necessary to mean, that for uniform illumination it is better, if in illumination there will be some lamps of smaller capacity, than one big. From these reasons it is better to have a luster with five small plafonds, than with three big. Pay attention and to the sizes of cartridges for bulbs: what for to you five рожковый the fixture with the big plafonds which are required for bulbs with a standard socle? In modern light engineering the tendency to compactness is precisely looked through
Lighting devices of mass consumption. Stop the choice on the cartridges of small diameter designed for bulbs with a small socle. Do not take in attention that fact, that the future behind them is sometimes uneasy to find such bulbs in shops. It is desirable also that the circuit of connection of a luster to the electric system of a premise(room) provided an opportunity of separate inclusion of plafonds, for example - only two, or three of five, or one of three. But for this purpose in your room to a point of connection of the fixture, taking place on a ceiling, should be brought трехжèлъный a biphase electricity cable, and on a wall there should be a two-push-button switch.
Lusters with to top a light stream, with smooth translucent plafonds and rather short. They in regular intervals disseminate light, and the effect of dispersion amplifies reflecting ability of a ceiling, and it(he) highlighted, seems above.
The luster with the plafonds inverted to a floor shines(covers) middle of a floor more brightly, rather than other surfaces of a room, " think, whether there will be it an advantageous element for an evening interior. If on a floor the beautiful carpet - perhaps, yes and if the floor is covered with a light parquet or whether lays hardly. Direct light of lamps of a luster shining downwards may blind eyes to small children or you when you sit in an armchair, behind a lunch table or lay on a sofa. Besides if in a room there is a polished furniture, the direct light getting on it(her) from such fixtures, is reflected from it(her) by patches of light, and she(it) seems массèвнее. The ceiling in a room at light directed downwards will seem below з-for shadows which the fixture will reject by all means on him(it) (especially when the ceiling is covered, for example, with finishing plates with relief figure).
|
